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Arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension is the cause of disease, diagnosis and treatment.

According to world statistics, cardiovascular disease is first and foremost all causes of death.

Arterial hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the circulatory system and it is also a factor in other heart diseases and vascular development, such as coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes.

Arterial hypertension is a continuous increase in systolic blood pressure (upper) at 140 mm Hg.Art.and/or diastolic blood pressure (lower) is above 90 mmHg.Art.According to the recommendations of the European Society of Arterial Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiologists, an arterial hypertension standard of 135/85 mm HG was used for measurement of home pressure.Art.and above.

The main symptoms associated with increased blood pressure include headache, nausea, ears in the ears, respiratory symptoms, reduced vision, irritability, and sweating.

Sometimes, elevated blood pressure can be asymptomatic.In this case, blood pressure needs to be controlled.

Arterial hypertension variety

Before talking about increased blood pressure (blood pressure), you should understand how stress should be normal.For each person, the value of blood pressure is an individual.However, there is a generally accepted classification of blood pressure.

  • Optimal, where the systolic pressure is less than 120 mm Hg.Art and diastolic pressure are less than 80 mm Hg.Art. 
  • Normally, the hypertension value ranges from 120 to 129, and the lower value ranges from 80 to 84 mm Hg.Art.
  • High is normal, where the hypertension value is 130 to 139 mm Hg in the interval.Art.Lower in the time interval between 85 and 89 mm Hg.Art.

Arterial hypertension is distributed according to the maximum value obtained when measuring pressure in the metric.

Level 1 blood pressure blood pressure 140-159 mm Hg.Art.and/or diastolic blood pressure of 90-99 mm Hg.Art.

Second degree of blood pressure and blood pressure is 160-179 mm Hg.Art.and/or diastolic blood pressure of 100-109 mm Hg.Art.

Third degree sound pressure blood pressure 180 and more MM Hg.Art.and/or diastolic blood pressure of 110 and more mm Hg.Art.

When the systolic blood pressure only increased by 140 mm Hg, separate isolated arterial hypertension was isolated.ST, diastolic blood pressure remains within normal value.

Causes of increased blood pressure

It is believed that most patients with high pressure sufferBasicArterial hypertension, and its development cannot be related to specific causes.This is what is called essential arterial hypertension, which often occurs in age-related patients.

In other cases, when some stress causes are revealed, they meansecondaryArterial hypertension.

Among the main causes of secondary hypertension, they distinguish:

  1. Kidneys and blood vessels.These pathologies lead to a decrease in blood flow intensity in the kidneys, and therefore, the release of buds that release substances, which helps increase compensation for blood pressure and impaired blood flow in the kidneys.Chronic renal disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, urolithiasis - These diseases can lead to the development of arterial hypertension.Among vascular diseases, stenosis (stenosis) of the renal artery is most commonly noted, which may occur in congenital pathology or atherosclerosis in adulthood. 
    2. Reduce blood flow caused by atherosclerosis
  2. DifferentEndocrine diseases Creating the development of arterial hypertension and other related symptoms.For example, using thyroid toxicity, the production of thyroid hormones is enhanced, accompanied by the advent of goiter (increase in the gland itself), systolic blood pressure, heartbeat, increased excitability and weight loss.Using hypothyroidism, the product of thyroid hormone is reduced.Pathology is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and impaired relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells, which leads to an increase in perivascular drug resistance.This helps increase blood pressure.Such patients are characterized by increased diastolic pressure, slowing pulse, weakness and rapid fatigue.With the release of pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland), the release of catecholamines (adrenal, norepinephrine) increases the blood, causing a sharp jump in blood pressure to very high values.Arterial hypertension is a common satellite of obesity.Adipose tissue cells (adipocytes) produce biologically active substances that affect the entire organism, especially in blood vessels.Also, don't forget that the "extra" fabric also needs to be a blood supply, which can cause additional load on the cardiovascular system. 
  3. DifferentHeart disease and blood vesselsThey can cause high arterial pressure.For example, aortic condensation is a local narrowing of the aortic cavity, more common in congenital pathology.Atherosclerosis stenosis. 
  4. Pregnancy (preeclampsia). 
  5. Take some arterial hypertensiondrug: Oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids, glucocorticoids, antidepressants.

Factors that cause the development of arterial hypertension should be remembered: hereditary susceptibility, prolonged nerve overbuilding, frequent stress, excessive physical exercise, smoking, alcohol and coffee, and consumption of large amounts of salt and fat foods.

What diseases can occur in arterial hypertension?

Arterial hypertension is distributed according to the maximum value obtained when measuring pressure in the metric.

We will point out some of them.

  • Atherosclerosis, including renal artery. 
  • Lesions of renal blood vessels (thrombosis, embolism, stenosis, compression of renal blood vessels with tumors or organs). 
  • Chronic pyelonephritis. 
  • Chronic glomerulonephritis. 
  • Chronic kidney disease. 
  • Thyroid disease (hypothyroid function). 
  • Izenko-Cushing disease and syndrome. 
  • pheochromocytoma. 
  • Primary high aldehyde type.
  • Metabolic syndrome. 
  • Aorta reduction. 
  • Preeclampsia.

Which doctors do you need to contact when increasing blood pressure?

To determine the cause of increased stress, you should contact your therapist initially.The doctor will conduct the examination and prescribe the necessary number of examinations and consultations from the expert.Among them, it may be:

  • Cardiologist;
  • endocrinologist;
  • Neurologist;
  • Surgeon
  • ophthalmologist.

Blood pressure diagnosis and examination

First, in the case of keeping a diary, it is necessary to fix the self-controlled blood pressure at home, i.e. maintain all measurements of stress, taking medications and stress attacks, which may cause an increase in blood pressure.

During the first phase of the examination, all patients held the following laboratory studies:

  • Clinical blood test;
  • General urine analysis;
  • Biochemical blood tests (cholesterol; very low control of lipoprotein; assessing the risk of atherosclerosis, blood electrolytes - potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium; creatinine levels; blood sugar levels);
  • blood test hemoglobin levels;
  • Blood test of hormone content (Th4 -T4; triiodopyridine - T3; thyroid hormone-TSH; antibodies to thyroid peroxidase; thyroglobulin antibody).

If necessary, doctors can prescribe a series of laboratory and tool tests:

  • Monitor blood pressure every day;
  • Electrocardiogram research;
  • echocardiography;
  • Holter Daily Monitoring;
  • Double-strand scanning, carpal bone scanning
  • Kidney/artery;
  • Ultrasound study of the kidneys and adrenal glands;
  • Study the fundus.

Arterial hypertension treatment

Arterial hypertension is a disease whose development depends on many factors, so the first suggestion for high pressure correction is lifestyle changes.

First, they change the diet: they limit consumption of canned and finished products, seasonings, and mayonnaise, and gradually reduce the amount of salt added to the food.

The menu should include more fresh vegetables, fruits and dairy products.Alcohol and smoking should also be restricted.

Use diet in case of excessive weight and no contraindications.Regular moderate physical exercise for at least half an hour a day can help normalize vascular tension.

We should not expect diet and physical activity to have a rapid impact.However, these actions can play an active role in the onset of the disease.

Prescribe medications according to the stage and extent of the disease.In clinical practice, several sets of drugs are used to treat arterial hypertension:

  • Diuretics (diuretics);
  • beta blockers;
  • Calcium tube antagonists;
  • Angiotenzinzinzinoproding enzyme (IAC) inhibitor;
  • Angiotensin II receptor Anatongonists;
  • Central medicine.

Doctors have formulated a single treatment plan based on the development and course of the disease and the causes of the related disease.Treatments chosen by the attending physician, continuous use of medications and lifestyle changes will help normalize blood pressure.

What to do with high pressure?

Stress should not be reduced rapidly: within the first two hours, blood pressure should be reduced by no more than 20% of the initial high level.

When blood pressure is moderately elevated, but the general well is stable (no other symptoms), you should try to fall asleep or lie down with your eyes closed.If the stress remains high after rest, it is necessary to take medications recommended by the attending physician.

If the increase in blood pressure is accompanied by severe headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, visual impairment, pain, nausea or vomiting, it is necessary to cause an ambulance.